The posterior section of the odonate body, consisting of ten externally visible segments (S1-S10). It houses the digestive tract, reproductive organs, and spiracles. In males, S2-S3 bear the secondary genitalia, while S10 supports the anal appendages. Highly flexible, enabling manoeuvrability during flight, mating, and oviposition. See also: Posterior, Caudal, Tergite, Sternite.

Paired structures at the distal end of the abdomen. In males, the superior and inferior appendages form a species-specific clasping mechanism used during tandem and copulation. Morphology is often diagnostic. Female cerci are typically reduced. See also: Apex, Distal, Tandem.

A distinctive arrangement of hindwing cells in many Anisoptera (especially Libellulidae). Its shape (e.g., ‘boot-shaped’) is a key family-level diagnostic feature. See also: Venation, Triangle, Subtriangle.

A female colour morph resembling the male in pattern and coloration. May reduce male harassment or aid thermoregulation. Opposite: Heteromorph. See also: Dimorphic, Polymorphic.

Pertaining to the suborder Anisoptera (dragonflies), characterised by robust bodies, wings held horizontally at rest, and hindwings broader at the base. Opposite: Zygopteran.

Longitudinal pale stripes on the dorsal thorax, often used in identification. See also: Humeral Stripes, Thorax.

Directional term meaning toward the head or leading edge of a structure. Opposite: Posterior. See also: Cranial, Dorsal, Ventral.

Referring to the distal tip of a structure, such as the wing apex. Opposite: Base / Basal. See also: Distal, Apex, Pterostigma.

A key crossvein near the wing base, important in venation analysis. See also: Venation, Triangle, Node.

Referring to the base of a structure, such as basal wing cells near the thorax. Opposite: Apex / Apical. See also: Proximal, Costa.